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1.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2022. 80 p. tab, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1415544

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi preparar e caracterizar nanocarreadores via auto-organização a partir da pectina de citros e lisozima para o encapsulamento da ß-lactose. Foram estudadas três condições de interação entre os biopolímeros variando a razão molar pectina/lisozima (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 e 1:3), o pH e o tempo de aquecimento. A confirmação da interação foi determinada por espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR) e por calorimetria de varredura diferencial (DSC). Os espectros de infravermelho evidenciaram que ligações de hidrogênio foram as principais forças envolvidas na formação dos nanocarreadores e sugeriram a ausência de ß-lactose livre na superfície das nanopartículas. Os termogramas evidenciaram que as nanopartículas formadas na presença de ß-lactose têm maior estabilidade térmica do que as nanopartículas sem ß-lactose. Para ambas as formulações estudadas, na presença e na ausência de ß-lactose, a formação das nanopartículas ocorreu entre os valores de pKa e ponto isoelétrico (pI) da pectina e lisozima, respectivamente, sendo a melhor razão de interação pectina/lisozima 1:2, em pH 10, a 80 ºC por 30 min. As nanopartículas foram formadas via auto-organização e todos as partículas apresentaram distribuição de tamanho homogênea, formato esférico, diâmetro inferior a 100 nm e carga superficial negativa. A morfologia e o tamanho das partículas pouco alteraram com a incorporação da -lactose. A eficiência de encapsulação (EE) da ß-lactose foi superior a 96% para as concentrações estudadas. Ensaios preliminares in vitro, em células epiteliais de câncer de cólon (HCT-116), evidenciaram que as nanopartículas formadas são capazes de adentrar no meio intracelular, possivelmente, por via endocitose


This work aimed to prepare and characterize nanocarriers via self-assembly using citrus pectin and lysozyme for ß-lactose encapsulation. Three interaction conditions between the biopolymers were studied, varying the pectin/lysozyme molar ratio (3:1, 2:1, 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3), pH and heating time. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) determined the interaction's confirmation. The infrared spectra showed that hydrogen bonds were the main forces involved in the formation of nanocarriers and suggested the absence of free ß-lactose on the surface of the nanoparticles. The thermograms showed that nanoparticles formed in the presence of ß-lactose have greater thermal stability than nanoparticles without ß-lactose. For both formulations studied, in the presence and absence of lactose, the formation of nanoparticles occurred between the pKa and isoelectric point (pI) values of pectin and lysozyme, respectively, with the best pectin/lysozyme interaction molar ratio 1:2, at pH 10, at 80 °C for 30 min. Nanoparticles were formed via self-assembly, and all particles presented homogeneous size distribution, spherical shape, diameter less than 100 nm, and negative surface charge. The morphology and size of the particles changed little with the incorporation of ß-lactose. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ß-lactose was higher than 96% for the concentrations studied. Preliminary in vitro assays in colon cancer epithelial cells (HCT-116) showed that the nanoparticles formed are capable of entering the intracellular medium, possibly via endocytosis


Subject(s)
Muramidase/analysis , Pectins/analysis , Biopolymers/adverse effects , Calorimetry , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning/methods , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Colonic Neoplasms , Nanoparticles , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lactose
2.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2020. 107 p. graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292606

ABSTRACT

As pectinas presentes nas frutas, assim como sua versão modificada, estão entre as biomoléculas mais promissoras no campo da imunomodulação. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o potencial imunomodulador de pectinas obtidas de goiabas verdes e maduras, bem como suas versões modificadas. As goiabas cv. Tailandesas foram avaliadas ao longo do amadurecimento, sendo acompanhadas as alterações da cor da polpa e casca, firmeza, produção de etileno e respiração, perda de massa e o teor de açúcares solúveis. Após a caracterização dos frutos, foram extraídas as pectinas e estas foram caracterizadas quanto ao conteúdo monossacarídico, peso molecular, presença de oligossacarídeos e grau de esterificação. As pectinas in natura de goiaba madura e verde, bem como a versão modificada desta última apresentaram frações de alto e baixo peso molecular, alta proporção de ácido galacturônico e alto teor de esterificação. Por outro lado, as pectinas modificadas derivadas de goiaba madura apresentaram maior desesterificação, com perda de frações de menor peso molecular, menor proporção de ácido galacturônico e baixo teor de esterificação. As pectinas foram incubadas com células THP-1 e RAW 264.7, e apesar da alta viabilidade celular e ausência de efeito citotóxico, resultou em expressiva produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio. De modo geral, as pectinas in natura de goiaba verde e madura, e pectina modificada de goiaba verde promoveram estímulo da produção de citocinas diversas, em especial inflamatórias, como IL-1ß, IL-12, CCL5, CXCL10 e CXCL9, para células THP-1 e IL-10 (antiinflamatória), TNF-α e MCP-1, demonstrando seu potencial imunomodulador, já para células RAW 264.7 as pectinas estimularam a produção de IL-10, TNF-α e MCP-1, demonstrando seu potencial imunomodulador. A pectina modificada derivada da goiaba madura não promoveu a indução significativa de nenhuma citocina. Estes resultados sugerem que as pectinas obtidas a partir de goiabas têm potencial imunomodulador e devem ser estudadas em outros modelos celulares e / ou em concentrações mais altas e modelos in vivo, para que esses benefícios possam realmente ser comprovados


The pectin present in fruits and their modified version are the most promising biomolecules in the immunomodulatory field. This study aimed to evaluate the immunomodulatory potential of pectins obtained from unripe and ripe guavas (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Thailandesa as well as their modified versions. The guavas were characterized during ripening regarding cell wall solubilization, sugar content, firmness, mass loss and ethylene production rate and respiration during 10th following harvest. After fruit characterization, pectins were extracted and characterized for monosaccharide content, molecular weight, presence of oligosaccharides and degree of esterification. Pectins from unripe and ripe guava as well as the modified versions of pectins had high and low molecular weight fractions, a high proportion of galacturonic acid and high esterification content. On the other hand, modified pectins derived from ripe guava showed higher de-esterification, with loss of lower molecular weight fractions, a lower proportion of galacturonic acid and low esterification content. The pectins were incubated with THP-1 and RAW 264.7 cells, and despite the high cell viability and absence of cytotoxic effect, the treatment resulted in the expressive production of reactive oxygen species. In general, pectins from ripe and unripe guava and modified pectin from unripe guava stimulated the production of diverse cytokines, especially inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1ß, IL 12, CCL5, CXCL10, and CXCL9, for THP-1, while IL-10 (anti-inflammatory), TNF-α and MCP-1 were stimulated in RAW 264.7 cells, demonstrating their immunomodulatory potential. Modified pectin derived from ripe guava did not promote any significant induction of the cytokines investigated. These results suggest that pectins obtained from guavas have immunomodulatory potential and deserve a more in-depth investigation using other cellular models and/or use of higher concentrations and in vivo models tests so their immunomodulatory benefits can be prove


Subject(s)
Pectins/analysis , Immunomodulation/drug effects , Fruit/adverse effects , Polysaccharides , Therapeutics , Macrophages/classification
3.
São Paulo; s.n; s.n; 2017. 105 p. tab, ilus, graf.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-881629

ABSTRACT

O tratamento farmacológico de patologias bucais é conduzido, geralmente, por via de administração local. No entanto, devido ao pouco tempo de permanência do fármaco no local de ação, esse tratamento pode ser bastante comprometido. Assim, este trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento de formas farmacêuticas que proporcionem a liberação local de triancinolona na cavidade oral. Foram produzidos filmes e comprimidos mucoadesivos a partir de polímeros naturais como gelana e pectina. Os filmes bucais foram preparados por meio de evaporação do solvente (solvent casting) utilizando diferentes quantidades de polímeros. As matérias-primas e os filmes foram caracterizados fisico quimicamente utilizando espectroscopia vibracional (in-infravermelho com transformada de Fourier e Raman) e difração de raios X. As propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos filmes também foram avaliadas. Além disso, realizou-se os ensaios de mucoadesividade e de dissolução do fármaco. Os comprimidos foram preparados por com-pressão direta usando como base os polímeros naturais. Diferentes parâmetros em relação as misturas e as formulações foram avaliados tais como as propriedades de fluxo dos pós constituintes, peso médio, dureza, friabilidade e desintegração. Em relação aos filmes bucais, estes foram obtidos com sucesso através de um método simples, sem a utilização de agentes reticulantes, ácidos ou solventes orgânicos. Todos apresentaram bons resultados nas propriedades avaliadas, no entanto as formulações com quantidades intermediarias de polímeros foram as melhores. Dentre as formulações de comprimidos preparadas, apenas 4 apresentaram boas características, no entanto, os resultados dos ensaios de dissolução mostraram que estas formulações têm capacidade de agir como sistema de liberação controlada de fármacos


Pharmacological treatment of oral pathologies is usually conducted by local administration. However, due to the short time the drug stays in the site of action, this treatment can be quite compromised. Thus, the objective of this work was to develop pharmaceutical forms that pro-vide the local release of triamcinolone in the oral cavity. Mucoadhesive films and tablets were made from natural polymers such as gellan and pectin. The buccal films were prepared by sol-vent casting using different amounts of polymers. The raw materials and films were characte-rized physically chemically using vibrational spectroscopy (FTIR and Raman) and X-ray diffraction. The physical and mechanical properties of the films were also evaluated. In addi-tion, the mucoadhesive and drug dissolution tests were performed. The tablets were prepared by direct pressing with the natural polymers. Different parameters in relation to mixtures and formulations were evaluated such as the flow properties of the constituent powders, average weight, hardness, friability and disintegration. In relation to oral films, these were successfully obtained by a simple method, without the use of crosslinking agents, acids or organic solvents. All presented good results in the evaluated properties, however the formulations with interme-diate amounts of polymers were the best. Among the tablet formulations prepared, only 4 sho-wed good characteristics, however, the dissolution test results showed that these formulations have the ability to act as a controlled drug delivery system


Subject(s)
Triamcinolone/pharmacology , Pectins/analysis , Tablets/pharmacokinetics , Technology, Pharmaceutical/instrumentation , Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared/methods , Microscopy, Polarization/methods , Mouth/immunology
4.
Rev. bras. plantas med ; 18(1): 201-214, jan.-mar. 2016. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-780035

ABSTRACT

RESUMO As plantas medicinais apresentam várias propriedades terapêuticas, as quais estão relacionadas com a presença de compostos bioativos. Dentre os compostos, destacam-se as pectinas, que compreendem um grupo de polissacarídeos ácidos de relevante importância medicinal e nutracêutica. As pectinas são formadas por unidades de ácido galacturônico, unidas por ligação do tipo α-(1→4), sendo classificadas em homogalacturonanas e ramnogalacturonanas tipo I (RG-I) e tipo II (RG-II). Outros polissacarídeos constituídos por arabinose e/ou galactose têm sido isolados em associação com polissacarídeos pécticos, como as arabinogalactanas (AG) (tipo I e tipo II). As AG-II podem estar associadas a proteínas, denominadas de arabinogalactana-proteínas (AGPs). Inúmeros relatos demonstram que as pectinas, bem como as AG e AGPs, podem atuar como moduladores do sistema imunológico, sendo, por isso, consideradas modificadores da resposta biológica. A imunomodulação pode estar relacionada tanto com a atividade de macrófagos quanto com as vias do sistema complemento. Em geral, os polissacarídeos provocam um estímulo da atividade fagocitária; no aumento da produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e da secreção de citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Em relação ao sistema complemento, os polissacarídeos podem modular tanto a via clássica como a via alternativa. A presente revisão tem como objetivo principal descrever os aspectos estruturais de pectinas e suas atividades biológicas relacionadas à modulação do sistema imune. Utilizando literatura específica, estão descritas informações de 29 espécies de plantas medicinais, que apresentam como constituintes pectinas, arabinogalactanas e/ou AGPs, correlacionando suas propriedades terapêuticas com as atividades biológicas associadas ao sistema imune. Na maioria dos casos descritos na literatura, é difícil determinar como as características estruturais específicas podem estar envolvidas na modulação da atividade de macrófagos. Porém, em relação à modulação da atividade do sistema complemento fica sugerido que a presença de estruturas tipo AG-II contribuiria mais significativamente para esta atividade. Entretanto, os possíveis mecanismos de modulação de pectinas, AGs e AGPs sobre a atividade de macrófagos e/ou sobre o sistema complemento ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos, mesmo assim, estes polímeros podem ser considerados potenciais candidatos para estudos que visam ao desenvolvimento de novos agentes terapêuticos com propriedades moduladoras benéficas para o sistema imunológico.


ABSTRACT Medicinal plants have many therapeutic properties that are related to the presence of biologically active compounds. Pectins, a group of acid polysaccharides that have relevant medicinal and nutraceutical properties, are an example of such biological compounds. Pectins contain a main chain with galacturonic acid units that are α-(1→4) linked; they can be classified into homogalacturonans and type I and type II rhamnogalacturonans (RG-I and RG-II). Other polysaccharides containing arabinose, galactose, or both have been isolated in association with pectin-type polysaccharides are known as arabinogalactans (AGs, type I and type II). Arabinogalactan-proteins (AGPs) comprise AG-II associated with proteins. Several studies have reported that pectins, as well as AG and AGPs, can act as modulators of the immune system and can therefore be considered biological response modifiers. The immunomodulation is related to the activity of macrophages as on the complement system pathways. In general, polysaccharides cause stimulation of phagocytic activity, increase production of reactive oxygen species and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Polysaccharides can modulate the classical and alternative complement pathways. The aim of this review has to describe the structural aspects of pectins and their biological activities related to the modulation of the immune system. Using literature, we reported data of 29 medicinal plant species, which present as constituents pectins, arabinogalactan and/or AGPs, correlating their therapeutic properties with biological activities associated to the immune system. In most cases described in the literature, it is difficult to determine how the specific structural characteristics can be involved in modulation of macrophage activity. However, with respect to the modulation of the activity of the complement system is proposed that the presence of AG-II-type structures would contribute most significantly to this activity. The possible mechanisms of modulation of pectins, AGs and AGPs on macrophage activity and/or the complement system are not yet fully clear, even if, these polymers can be considered potential candidates for studies aimed at the development of new therapeutic agents with modulatory properties beneficial to the immune system.


Subject(s)
Plants, Medicinal/classification , Pectins/analysis , Immunomodulation , Macrophages
5.
Biol. Res ; 47: 1-8, 2014. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-950722

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: For the first time, a morphometric characterization of chaura (Gaultheria pumila) fruits has been conducted between natural populations growing in the Villarrica National Park, Araucania Region, Chile. Chaura is a native Ericaceae from Chile that produces aromatic and tasty fruits which could be of agricultural interest. RESULTS: To influence the decision for a further domestication of G. pumila, both the fruit sizes (indicator of productivity) and the nutritional properties of the fruits have been determined from different subpopulations. Samples were a total of 74 plants and 15 fruits per plant which were randomly harvested following its natural distribution around the Villarrica volcano. Altogether, fresh weight, shape, color, diameter in the pole and the equatorial dimensions were determined as phenotypic traits of the G. pumila fruits. Meanwhile the total soluble solids, anthocyanin and pectin contents were calculated as nutritional traits of the Chaura fruits. Results showed a high phenotypic diversity between the sampled population with three main fruit shapes and three predominant colors. The round shapes were the most abundant, whereas a significant correlation was found among fruit size with weight and color. The highest fresh weight (597.3 mg), pole diameter (7.1 mm) and equatorial diameter (6.5 mm) were estimated in the pink color fruits. CONCLUSIONS: The total amount of anthocyanin was higher in red fruits, while the maximum pectin content was obtained in the round white fruits. Overall results must pave the way for a further domestication and introduction of the Chaura species in the agro-productive system in Chile.


Subject(s)
Pectins/analysis , Gaultheria/anatomy & histology , Gaultheria/chemistry , Fruit/anatomy & histology , Fruit/chemistry , Anthocyanins/analysis , Phenotype , Refractometry , Chile , Analysis of Variance , Crops, Agricultural , Biodiversity , Antioxidants/analysis , Nutritive Value
6.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 62(4): 381-388, dic. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-714893

ABSTRACT

El tomate de árbol (Cyphomandra betacea) es apreciado por sus cualidades nutritivas y ser fuente de compuestos antioxidantes, calcio, fósforo, potasio y hierro, azúcares, ácidos orgánicos, pectinas y flavonoides. En este estudio se determinaron parámetros físicos (peso, tamaño, fuerza compresión, humedad) y químicos (°Brix, acidez titulable, pH, proteína, fibra dietaria, cenizas, minerales y bioaccesibilidad de minerales, pectina, compuestos antioxidantes) del fruto procedente del Estado Aragua, Venezuela, como una contribución para incentivar y diversificar su consumo. La caracterización reflejó que los frutos estaban en estado de madurez para su consumo (°Brix 10,51, pH 3,5, acidez 0,02 g/100 ml y fuerza de compresión 4,32 Kgf/cm2), con rendimiento de pulpa del 74%. Los resultados del análisis de la pulpa madura reflejan un aporte de 30 Kcal/100g, fibra dietaria (4,10g/100g) y valores de fósforo, calcio, magnesio potasio y hierro de 331,32; 21,25; 21,18; 17,03; 7,44 mg/100g respectivamente. Se obtuvo 6,71 y 1,86 % de bioaccesibilidad para calcio y hierro. La pectina extraída (1,00 g/100g) resultó ser de alto metoxilo y alto grado de esterificación. La capacidad antioxidante de la pulpa madura (EC50 de 165 g /g DPPH y poder reductor de 0,07 mmol Fe +2/100g) pudiera atribuirse a la presencia de ácido ascórbico (23,32 mg/100g), licopeno (1,22 mg/100g), compuestos fenólicos (1,39 mg EAG/ g), antocianinas (0,29 mg cianidina/g) y taninos (0,40 mg catequina/ 100g). Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para promover los beneficios sobre la salud y sugerir su uso como ingrediente funcional en el desarrollo de productos.


Physical, chemical and bioactive compounds of tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea). Tree tomato (Cyphomandra betacea) is appreciated for its excellent nutritional qualities, being considered a good source of antioxidants compounds, calcium, phosphorus, potassium and iron, sugars, organic acids, pectins and flavonoids. In this study, were evaluated physical parameters (weight, size, compression strength and humidity) and chemical (°Brix, titratable acidity, pH, protein, dietary fiber, ash, minerals and their bioaccesibility, pectin, antioxidants compounds) of the fruit from the Aragua State, Venezuela, as a contribution to stimulate and diversify the consumption of the tree tomato. The characterization showed that the fruits were at the ripening stage for consumption (°Brix 10.51, pH 3.5, acidity 0.02 g/100ml and 4.32 Kgf/cm2 compression strength) gave a yield of 74% pulp. The analytical results of the ripped pulp showed a content of 30 Kcal/100g, dietary fiber (4.10g/100g), and minerals such as phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium and iron (331.32, 21.25, 21.18, 17.03 and 7.44 mg/100g, respectively). Bioaccesibility values of 6.71 and 1.86% were reported for calcium and iron. The extracted pectin (1.00 g/100g) was classified as high methoxyl with high degree of esterification. The antioxidant capacity of the ripped pulp (EC50 of 165.00 g /g DPPH and reducing power of 0.07 mmol Fe +2/100g), could be attributed to the presence of ascorbic acid (23.32 mg/100g), lycopene (1.22 mg/100 g), and phenolic compounds (1.39 mg GAE/g), anthocyanins (0.29 mg cyanidin/ g) and tannins (0.40 mg catechin/100g).The results obtained encourage the nutritional benefits and suggest applications as a functional ingredient in food product development.


Subject(s)
Antioxidants/analysis , Fruit/chemistry , Solanaceae/chemistry , Ascorbic Acid/analysis , Carotenoids/analysis , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Dietary Proteins/analysis , Functional Food/analysis , Nutritive Value , Pectins/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Plant Extracts/analysis , Solanum/chemistry , Tannins/analysis , Venezuela
7.
Arq. bras. med. vet. zootec ; 64(4): 1017-1026, Aug. 2012. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-647705

ABSTRACT

Avaliou-se o efeito da ingestão contínua de pectina em 720 frangos de corte sobre o desempenho e rendimento de carcaça e o consumo de água. O delineamento foi inteiramente ao acaso, em esquema de parcela subdividida, com níveis de pectina 0, 1, 3 e 5%, e idade primeira, segunda, terceira, quarta, quinta e sexta semanas, com seis repetições por tratamento. A viabilidade criatória não foi influenciada pela pectina na ração. O peso vivo, o consumo de ração e o ganho de peso diminuíram, e a conversão alimentar aumentou com a ingestão de pectina aos 35 e 42 dias. Não houve efeito da pectina sobre o consumo de ração (CR) e o consumo de água (CAg) na terceira semana. Na sexta semana, o CAg e a relação CAg:CR aumentaram com a ingestão de pectina. Aos 35e 42 dias, todos os parâmetros avaliados para rendimento de carcaça e corte diminuíram com o aumento da ingestão da fibra, sendo que apenas o rendimento de coxa+sobrecoxa não sofreu influência aos 42 dias. Os dados mostram que a ingestão contínua de até 1% de pectina na ração mantém o desempenho máximo das aves e que o consumo acima desse nível prejudica os parâmetros zootécnicos e aumenta o consumo de água na fase de maior crescimento.


The effect of the continuous intake of pectin was evaluated for 720 broilers regarding performance, carcass yield and water consumption. The design was completely randomized in a split plot design, with pectin levels of 0, 1, 3 and 5% and age 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th week, with six replicates. The viability was not influenced by dietary pectin. Body weight, feed intake and weight gain decreased and feed intake increased with pectin at 35 and 42 days. No effect of pectin on feed intake (FI) and water consumption (W) in the third week. On the sixth week regarding W and FI: W increased with the intake of pectin. At 35 and 42 days all parameters for carcass and cut decreased with increasing intake of fiber, and only the thigh + drumstick yield was not affected at 42 days. The data show that the continuous intake of up to 1% pectin in the diet maintains the best performance in birds and consumption above that level affects the performance parameters and increases the consumption of water in the higher growth phase.


Subject(s)
Animals , Poultry/growth & development , Dietary Fiber/metabolism , Animal Feed/analysis , Food Additives , Pectins/analysis
8.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 40(1): 40-47, Jan.-Mar. 2009. graf, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-513113

ABSTRACT

Growth and enzymes production by Aspergillus flavipes FP-500 were evaluated on pectin, polygalacturonic acid, galacturonic acid, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, glycerol and glucose at different initial pH values. We found that the strain produced exopectinases, endopectinases and pectin lyases. Exopectinases and pectin lyase were found to be produced at basal levels as constitutive enzymes and their production was modulated by the available carbon source and pH of culture medium and stimulated by the presence of inducer in the culture medium. Endo-pectinase was basically inducible and was only produced when pectin was used as carbon source. Our results suggest that pectinases in A. flavipes FP-500 are produced in a concerted way. The first enzyme to be produced was exopectinase followed by Pectin Lyase and Endo-pectinase.


Avaliou-se o crescimento e a produção de enzimas por Aspergillus flavipes FP-500 em pectina, ácido poligalacturônico, ácido galacturônico, arabinose, ramnose, xilose, glicerol e glicose, em diferentes valores de pH inicial. Verificamos que a cepa produziu exopectinases, endopectinases e pectina liases. Exopectinases e pectina liases foram produzidas em níveis basais como enzimas constitutivas e sua produção foi modulada pela fonte de carbono disponível e pelo pH do meio de cultura e estimulada pela presença de indutores no meio de cultura. Endopectinase foi indutível e produzida somente quando pectina foi utilizada como fonte de carbono. Nossos resultados sugerem que as pectinases de A. flavipes FP-500 são produzidas de forma planejada. A primeira enzima a ser produzida foi expopectinase, seguida por pectina liase e endopectinase.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus flavus/growth & development , Aspergillus flavus/enzymology , Pectins/analysis , Polygalacturonase/analysis , Methods , Methods
9.
Rev. colomb. ciencias quim. farm ; (26): 33-7, oct. 1997. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-252591

ABSTRACT

Mediante el método de agar en placa y de la medida del cambio de viscosidad de un sustrato líquido con pectina N F y con pectina obtenida de Mangifera indica respectivamente, usadas como única fuente de carbono, demostraron tener actividad pectinolítica los siguientes microorganismos: Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus lincheniformis, Cándida krussei, Cándida sorboxilosa, Cándida insectorum, Aureobasidium pullulans variedad pullulans, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Mucor sp., Microsporum sp.


Subject(s)
Mangifera , Pectins/analysis
10.
Egyptian Journal of Food Science. 1995; 23 (3): 229-239
in English | IMEMR | ID: emr-37041

ABSTRACT

Siwi dates at different stages of maturity were used in this study to produce dibis [concentrated date extract] at different temperatures during extraction. The results revealed that the tamr stage produced the best qualiy of dibis with extraction at 80° for 3 hr resulting in relatively low viscosity degree when compared to other extration temperatures and times. Sugars, total free amino acids, total phenols and pectin were increased by increasing the temperature to 60° whereas 80° browning reactions increased and led to increase Hydroxy methyl furfural, colour and browning compounds especially with continous extraction for 3 hr. The dibis produced from Khalal Siwi dates was bright in colour but the colour of dibis produced from Rutab Siwi dates was dark and its viscosity was more than with all other treatments


Subject(s)
Dietary Carbohydrates/analysis , Amino Acids/analysis , Phenols/analysis , Pectins/analysis , Plant Extracts/chemistry
11.
Arch. latinoam. nutr ; 43(1): 78-80, mar. 1993. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-148904

ABSTRACT

We report the application of a method which combines digestion with pancreatin and neutral detergent treatment in the analytical study of dietary fiber from cassava. The use of pancreatin previous to the detergent extraction enabled rapid filtration, thus giving more reproducible results for neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemicellulose, lignin and pectin were also determined. The values obtained for NDF (4.65 per cent ) and pectin (1.17 per cent ) are very important, considering their role in the digestive process


Subject(s)
Humans , Dietary Fiber/analysis , Manihot/chemistry , Cellulose/analysis , Lignin/analysis , Pectins/analysis , Polysaccharides/analysis , Starch/analysis
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